以甘肃省平凉市1979 — 2007年的肥料长期定位试验为基础，研究了长期不同施肥方式和施肥量对黑垆土冬小麦和玉米的产量、磷素吸收利用的影响，结果表明，长期施磷[氮磷肥配合施用(NP)、氮磷肥和秸秆配合施用(SNP)、单施有机肥(M)、氮磷肥和有机肥配合施用(MNP)]的冬小麦折合产量为3 519 ～4 621 kg/hm2，玉米折合产量为5 303～6 332 kg/hm2，二者均较不施磷处理[(不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)]提高了2～4倍。施磷处理之间的玉米、冬小麦产量无显著差异，且玉米的吸磷量均高于冬小麦。经过28 a的施磷处理，玉米的农学利用效率为12.42～77.10 kg/kg，冬小麦的农学利用效率为9.13～73.41 kg/kg；玉米季的磷肥回收率平均为5.18%～30.15%，冬小麦季为2.93%～20.07%。玉米季磷肥农学利用效率和回收率的平均值均高于冬小麦季。

Based on long-term fertilization experiment during 28 years(1979 — 2007) in Pingliang， different fertilization treatments including fertilizers， manure， corn straw on phosphorus use efficiencies and yield for winter wheat and corn in wheat-corn rotation system are studied in black loessial soil. The result shows that under Long-term phosphorus fertilizer(NP， SNP， M，MNP)of winter wheat production for 3 519～4 621 kg/hm2， corn is 5 303～6 332 kg/hm2， and its increased 2～4 times compared with CK and N treatments . The different P application treatments had no statistical significant for yeild of winter wheat and corn. And all P treatments of corn uptake are higher than winter wheat. After 28 years of P application， the agronomic efficiency of P fertilizer for corn is 12.42～77.10 kg/kg， and winter wheat is 9.13 ～73.41 kg/kg； the recovery efficiency of P fertilizer for corn about 5.18%～30.15%， and winter wheat is 2.93%～20.07%. The average agronomic efficiency of P fertilizer and recovery efficiency of P fertilizer for corn are higher than winter wheat.

S147.2；S512.1；S513

“十一五”重点科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09、2006BAD02A14)；国家基础性工作专项(2007FY220400)