以玉米品种先玉335为指示品种，以基础田(不施肥)为对照，采用秸秆直接还田、秸秆腐熟还田、农家肥、短期绿肥、当地常规施肥处理等措施，研究不同培肥措施对土壤养分、含水量、耕作层温度、玉米生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明，以施腐熟秸秆15 000 kg/hm2+不施肥的处理效果最好，玉米折合产量最高，为 13 006.7 kg/hm2，较对照基础田(不施肥)增产43.88%；纯收益增量最高，为7 342元/hm2，纯收益增长率为79.05%。施农家肥15 000 kg/hm2的处理和施腐熟秸秆7 500 kg/hm2+农家肥7 500 kg/hm2 的处理玉米折合产量较高，分别较基础田增产41.00%、40.78%，纯收益增长率分别为76.75%、72.86%。秸秆腐熟还田可以显著提高土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量及土壤含水量，对土壤耕作层温度也有显著的提升作用。农家肥和秸秆还田可以促进后茬玉米的生长发育， 促使玉米提前达到旺盛生长期。在玉米整个生育阶段，秸秆腐熟还田处理能显著提高玉米出苗率和单株叶面积、棒三叶叶面积的增加速率，优化玉米干物质的积累与分配特性， 提高玉米叶、茎、鞘对籽粒的贡献率，增加玉米籽粒产量。建议在农业生产上加大秸秆腐熟还田的推广力度。

With a corn cultivar Xianyu 335 as indicator cultivar， and the basis field (no fertilization) as control， by using the straw returning and decomposition straw returning field， farm manure， short-term green manure， local conventional fertilization treatment and taking some other measure， the effects of different fertilization on soil nutrients， moisture content， temperature of cultivation layer， growth and development of corn and yield are studied. The result shows that the effect of applying decomposition straw 15 000 kg/hm2+ No fertilization treatment is the best， corn yield is highest， is 13 006.7 kg/hm2， which is 43.88% higher than that of the check basic field； net income increment is highest， is 7 342 yuan /hm2， the net income growth rate is 79.05%. The check of applying manure treatment 15 000 kg/hm2 and decomposition straw 7 500 kg/hm2+ manure treatment 7 500 kg/hm2 of corn yield is higher， which are 41% and 40.78% higher than that of the check basic field， net profit growth rates are 76.75%， 72.86%. The decomposition straw returning can increase moisture of soil organic matter， nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium content and soil moisture， also significantly enhance the role of soil temperature. The farmyard manure and decomposition straw returning could promote the growth and development of corn， which led to a strong growth period. In the whole growth stage of corn， decomposition straw returning treatment could significantly improve increase rate of the corn germination rate， leaf area and rod leaf area， optimize the dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics of corn， to improve the contribution rate of corn leaf， stem and sheath to grain， increase the grain yield of corn. The proposed to increase promote efforts of decomposting straw returning in agricultural production.

S513；S141.4