[关键词]
[摘要]
以陇亚杂1号为指示品种,采用玻璃壁法与塑料管土柱栽培相结合的方法,对胡麻不同生育时期的植株生长特性进行观察和相关测定。结果表明,胡麻苗期约15 d,从子叶出土到约6~8片真叶,株高6~8 cm,主根长约300 mm。当株高约20 cm、叶片34~38片时,顶端叶片重叠现象十分严重(20~23片/cm),俯视地面投影直径约1.5 cm,下部叶间距平均1.3 cm,且呈现出左右旋比例约1∶2的螺旋式向上生长方式,为胡麻枞形期,约22 d。胡麻分茎期为12 d左右,株高平均为32 cm,子叶略变黄,叶腋处有新芽形成,单株总根长达到最大值。胡麻植株长到48 cm左右时,分茎顶端开始下垂,用手轻捏有明显的花蕾膨大感,为胡麻现蕾期,约11 d。8:00时左右有80%以上花开放、主茎生长基本停止、株高和根系表面积达到最大值,为盛花期,约13 d。当茎表皮变为黄绿色,下部叶片脱落,上部叶片变黄,用手抖动胡麻时蒴果内会发出清脆的响声,此时达到成熟期,约35 d左右。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
In order to accurately define the flax growth period, Longyaza 1 as the indicative cultivar, the experiment was conducted to observe and measure the plant growth characteristics in different growth stages of oil flax by means of the method of glass wall and plastic pipe soil column culture combination. The results show that the seedlings reached about 6~8 true leaves from the cotyledons, the plant height was 6~8 cm, and the main root length was about 300 mm. The seedling stage is about 15 days. When the height was about 20 cm, leaf numbers were 34~38, apical leaves overlapping phenomenon was very serious(20~23 /cm), the ground projection diameter was about 1.5 cm, the average interval of lower leaves was 1.3 cm, and the left and right rotation ratio of upward spiral of growth was about 1∶2, it formed the flax fir shaped stage, lasting about 22 days. The stem period of oil flax was about 12 days and the average plant height was 32 cm, cotyledon turned slightly yellow, new buds emerged in leaf axils, total root length per plant reached the maximum. When the plants grew to about 48 cm tall and the tops of stems began to droop, flower buds could be felt with fingers, it formed the flax squaring period, lasting about 11 days. When more than 80% flowers were in bloom at around 8 o'clock in the morning, the main stem growth stopped, and the plant height and root surface area reached the maximum, it formed the flowering stage, lasting for about 13 days. When the stem epidermis became yellow green, the lower leaves fell off, the upper leaves turned yellow, and a crisp sound could be heard when the capsules being shaken, it reached maturity which lasted for about 35 days. 收稿日期:2017 - 07 - 28 作者简介:张 明(1990 — ),男,甘肃通渭人,助理农艺师,主要从事设施农业技术推广和农产品质量安全建设等工作。E-mail:1174423562@qq.com。 参考文献: [1] 于振文. 作物栽培学各论[M]. 北京: 中国农业出社, 2003. [2] 高小丽. 施肥对西北半干旱地区土壤养分、胡麻养分吸收及产量的影响[D]. 兰州:甘肃农业大学,2010. [3] 李忠佩. 中国东部主要农田土壤有机碳库的平衡与趋势分析[J]. 土壤学报,2005,39(3):351-360. [4] 马丽荣,王恒炜,刘润萍,等. 甘肃油料作物生产现状及发展建议[J]. 甘肃农业科技,2013(12):11-15. [5] 卢浩然. 中国麻类作物栽培学[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,1993. [6] 程建峰,潘晓云. 作物根系研究法最新进展[J]. 江西农业学报,1999(4):55-59. [7] W.伯姆. 根系研究法[M]. 薛德榕,谭协麟,译. 北京:科学出版社,1985. [8] 廖荣伟. 作物根系形态观测方法研究进展讨论[J]. 气象科技,2008,36(4):29-31. [9] ZOBEL R W. Sensitivity analysis of computer - baseddiameter measurement from digital images[J]. Crop Sci.,2003(43):83-91. [10] 葛体达,隋方功,李金政,等. 干旱对夏玉米根冠生长的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2005,21(1):25-29. [11] 冯冬霞, 施生锦. 叶面积测定方法的研究效果初报[J]. 中国农学通报,2005,21(6):150-152. [12] 杨 倩. 黄土高原保护性耕作下轮作系统根际土壤质量及其微生物机制[D]. 兰州:兰州大学,2013. [13] 安维太. 宁夏油料作物[M]. 银川: 宁夏人民出版社,2009. [14] 袁 可, 于显平, 吕 伟. 基于动态生长模型的植物根系模拟研究[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版),2006, 28(5):868-872. [15] 杨贵羽. 土壤水变动下冬小麦根、冠生长动态模型的建立及根、冠动态特性分析[D]. 北京:中国农业大学,2003. [16] 刘晓冰,王光华, 金 剑,等. 作物根际和产量生理研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,2010. [17] 杜太生,康绍忠,张建华. 不同局部根区供水对棉花生长与水分利用过程的调控效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007,40(11):2546-2555. [18] 揣葆田. 油用亚麻生长发育特性研究[J]. 中国油料作物学报,1981(1):165-167. [19] 朱勇臣. 胡麻高产栽培技术[J]. 农业科技与信息, 2010(21):19-21. [20] 诸德辉. 小麦栽培生理——器官生长、光合作用和产量形成及其与环境条件的关系[J]. 西藏农业科技,1979(4):57-79. [21] 李心文. 胡麻 红花 蓖麻栽培技术问答[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,2010. [22] 孙焕良. 南方红壤区冬季亚麻产业化关键技术研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学,2007. [23] 孙海波. 大豆根系及其与地上部分关系的研究[D]. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2006. [24] 张玉娇. 花生生育动态与模拟模型的研究[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学,2006. [25] 徐丽珍,周以贤. 亚麻植株生长动态规律的研究[J]. 中国麻业科学,1990(2):33-36.
[中图分类号]
S565.9
[基金项目]