选用3个青稞品种(系)0841-6、T09-401、昆仑3号为试验材料，采用改良苯酚品红溶液对小孢子染色，在光学显微镜下观察小孢子发育情况，分析青稞小孢子发育时期与旗叶距(旗叶与倒二叶的叶耳间距离)之间的相关性。结果表明，旗叶距为 0～3 cm 时，小孢子发育处于二分体时期；3～8 cm 时，大部分小孢子细胞处于四分体阶段；8～13 cm 时，单核中期为主；13～18 cm时，花药中存在各种发育时期的小孢子，但以单核靠边期为主；当旗叶距＞18 cm 时，小孢子开始大量成熟，直至发育为成熟花粉。供试青稞小孢子品种(系)的发育时期均与旗叶距有一定的相关性，旗叶距可作为青稞花药和小孢子培养幼穗取材的重要形态学指标。

Three highland barley cultivars including 0841-6， T09-401 and Kunlun 3 were used as experiment materials，staining highland barley microspores with modified phenol magenta solution， the development of microspore was observed under optical microscope， and the relationship between the microspore developmental stage of highland barley and the flag leaf spacing was analyzed. The results showed that when the flag leaf spacing was 0~3 cm， the microspore development was basically in dyad； At 3~8 cm， the microspore development was basically in tetrad； At 8~13 cm，the microspores developed into mid-uninucleate； At 13~18 cm，various kinds of developmental stages of microspores could be observed，but most of them were late-uninucleate microspores； When the flag leaf spacing exceeded 18 cm， a big scale of microspores entered mature period and developed into mature pollens. The development stages of the three kinds of highland barley microspores all have a certain correlation with the flag leaf spacing， the flag leaf spacing can be used as a morphological indicator on sampling of young spikes in the highland barley anther and isolated microspore culture.

S512.3

甘肃省农业科学院科研条件建设及成果转化项目(2019GAAS08)。