棉花新品种陇棉10号是甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所以自育品系07-1为母本、自育品系81-10-1为父本通过杂交选育而成。在2016 — 2017年甘肃省棉花新品种(系)区域试验中，陇棉10号2 a 10点(次)皮棉平均折合产量为2 254.5 kg/hm2，较对照品种酒棉10号增产5.10%。在2018年甘肃省棉花新品种生产试验中，陇棉10号皮棉平均折合产量为2 505.0 kg/hm2，较对照品种酒棉10号增产5.60%。该品种株高80 cm，叶片深绿，株型紧凑。Ⅰ式果枝，筒形，第1果枝着生高度25 cm，果枝层8～13层。铃卵圆型偏尖，单株结铃数8.8～10个，单铃重5.8～6.8 g，衣分含量44%，籽指10.0 g。上半部平均长度为28.7 mm，断裂比强度为30.9 cN/tex，马克隆值为4.1，整齐度指数86.3%。高抗枯萎病，耐黄萎病。适宜在甘肃敦煌、瓜州以及气候条件类似的西北内陆棉区种植。

Longmian 10 is a new cotton cultivar， bred by cross breeding with 07-1 as female parent and 81-10-1 as male parent. In 2016 — 2017， the average yield of lint in 2 a 10 sites(times) was 2 254.5 kg/hm2， 5.10% higher than that of the control cultivar Jiumian 10 in Gansu Cotton Regional Test. In 2016 — 2017， the average yield of lint was 2 505.0 kg/hm2， 5.60% higher than that of the Jiumian 10 in Gansu Cotton Production Test. The plant height is 80 cm， the leaves are dark green， the plant type is compact，Ⅰtype fruit branch，cylinder shape， the first fruit branch growth height is 25 cm and the fruit branch layer is 8~13 layers. The boll oval shape is slightly pointed， the number of bolls per plant is 8.8 ~ 10， the weight of single boll is 5.8 ~ 6.8 g， the lint percentage is 44%， the seed index is 10.0 g. The average length of the upper part is 28.7 mm， the fracture strength is 30.9 cN/tex， the micronaire value is 4.1， and the uniformity index is 86.3%. It is high resistance to Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt. It is suitable to be grown in Dunhuang， Guazhou and inland cotton areas in Northwest China with similar climatic conditions.

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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101603)；甘肃省农业科学院中青年基金(2019GAAS38)；甘肃省农业科学院重点研发项目(2020GAAS26)。