针对花椒种植过程中存在的施肥不合理现象，采用L9(34)正交方法，设置10个不同配方施肥试验，研究了不同配方施肥条件下花椒树株高、地径、平均新梢抽生数、出皮率、千粒重、含水量、果皮干重及果皮中微量元素含量的变化。结果表明，不同配方施肥对花椒树生长的影响不同，施肥量为尿素 230.7 g/株、磷酸二胺 521.7 g/株、硫酸钾 268 g/株时，花椒树株高和新梢抽生数显著高于其他处理(P ＜ 0.01)、单株果皮干重、出皮率和千粒重显著高于其他处理(P ＜ 0.01)，比对照不施肥分别高11.76%、11.44%和24.53%，且含水率最低(P ＜ 0.05)，果皮所含铁、锌、钙、硒元素的含量较高；施肥量为尿素 298.7 g/株、磷酸二胺 347.8 g/株、硫酸钾 134 g/株和尿素 230.7 g/株、磷酸二胺 521.7 g/株、硫酸钾 268 g/株时，地径显著高于其他处理(P ＜ 0.01)。随着配方施肥中N元素量的增加，花椒树新梢抽生数量先增加后减少。施肥配方越合理，花椒的产量越高、出皮率越高、千粒重也越大，而含水量越低。施肥各处理的生长量及产量均高于不施肥处理，氮、磷、钾配合施用能够提高花椒生长量及产量。施尿素 230.7 g/株、磷酸二胺 521.7 g/株、硫酸钾 268 g/株时(N、P、K质量比为100∶120∶67)为该地花椒的最佳施肥水平。

In view of the unreasonable fertilization in the process of Zanthoxylum bungeanum cultivation， 10 different formula fertilization experiments were set up by L9 (34) orthogonal method to study the changes of tree height， diameter， number of new shoots， rind rate， 1 000-grain weight， moisture content， pericarp dry weight and trace elements content in pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum under different formula fertilization conditions. The results showed that different fertilizer formulations had different effects on the growth of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. When the contents of urea was 230.7 g/plant， diammonium phosphate was 521.7 g/plant and potassium sulphate was 268 g/plant were applied， Plant height and the number of new shoots were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P ＜ 0.01)； the dry skin weight， peel yield and 1000-seed weight per plant were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P ＜ 0.01)， and were 11.76%， 11.44% and 24.53% higher， respectively， and the water content was the lowest(P ＜ 0.05). The contents of Fe， Zn， Ca and Se in pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum were higher. The ground diameter was significantly higher than other treatments(P ＜ 0.01) with the treatment of urea 298.7 g/plant， diammonium phosphate 347.8 g/plant， potassium sulphate 134 g/plant and urea 230.7 g/plant， diammonium phosphate 521.7 g/plant， potassium sulphate 268 g/plant. With the increase of the amount of N element in the fertilizer formula， the number of new shoots of Zanthoxylum bungeanum increased and then decreased. The more reasonable the fertilization formula， the higher the yield， pericarp rate and 1 000-grain weight of Zanthoxylum bungeanum， and the lower the water content. The growth and yield of Zanthoxylum bungeanum under fertilization were always higher than those under no fertilization, and the growth and yield of Zanthoxylum bungeanum could be improved by the combined application of urea， diammonium phosphate and potassium sulphate. Among all the treatments, the treatment of urea was 230.7 g/plant， diammonium phosphate was 521.7 g/plant and potassium sulphate was 268 g/plant(N ∶ P ∶ K = 100 ∶ 120 ∶ 67) was the best fertilization level.

S665.9

甘肃省临夏州科技局列项目“干旱山区花椒节水灌溉与化肥污染防控及生态修复试验”(2019-N-2-001)资助。