在消除绝对贫困的后扶贫时代，仍面临着相对贫困的问题，为了给构建科学可持续的贫困治理长效机制提供参考，通过对相对贫困相关文献的梳理和对我国防止返贫和治理相对贫困政策的分析，以及相关理论与实践结合的概括，针对后扶贫时代相对贫困问题和返贫风险产生的原因提出的后扶贫时代治理相对贫困的对策是:充分利用地理环境，因地制宜地培育当地产业；加大人才培养力度，鼓励高水平人才返乡；改善农村交通状况，打开城乡物流通道；加强基础医疗建设，增加农村人口健康资本；改善基础教育，杜绝贫困根源。

In post poverty alleviation era when absolute poverty was eliminated, we are still faced with the problem of relative poverty, to provide reference for the construction of sustainable, scientific, and long-term mechanism of poverty control, through literature sorting of relative poverty, analysis of the policies related to poverty controls and poverty-returning prevention as well as the summary of relevant theories and practicesin combination, aimed at the issues of relative poverty and the causes of poverty-returning risk, countermeasures against relative poverty in post poverty alleviation era were lised as: fully utilization of geographical conditions to cultivate local industries according to local conditions, strengthening talent training and encouragment of high-level talents returning home, improving rural transportation conditions and opening up of urban and rural logistics channels,strengthening the construction of basic medical care to improve the health capital of rural population, improving elementary education to eradicate the root cause of poverty.

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