为探索陇东旱塬冬小麦高产高效绿色栽培新模式，以冬小麦品种陇鉴111为指示品种，采用裂区设计，以宽幅沟播和平作条播为主区，优化施肥和不施氮肥为副区，研究了宽幅沟播对陇东旱塬冬小麦产量、氮肥及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，宽幅沟播显著影响旱地冬小麦籽粒穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒重等产量构成因子，较传统平作条播平均增产10.3%~24.3%，且以推荐优化施肥(N 150 kg/hm2、P2O5 180 kg/hm2)增产效果明显。与传统平作条播相比，可促进冬小麦植株氮素养分吸收，氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率分别显著增加6.81、4.30 kg/kg，氮肥利用率明显提高了9.6百分点，水分利用效率提高了9.5%~19.6宜种植模式，以推荐优化施肥N 150 kg/hm2、P2O5 180 kg/hm2效果明显。

To explore a new cultivation method of winter wheat with the characters of high yield and high efficiencies in Longdong rainfed plateau, the effects of wide furrow sowing and optimized fertilization on winter wheat yields, utilization efficiencies of nitrogen fertilizer and water were studied by using the splitplot design(main plot: wide furrow sowing and flat drill seeding, subplot: optimizeed fertilization and no nitrogen fertilizer) and Longjian111 as indicative variety. Results showed that yield components i.e. grain number per spike, 1000-seed weight and grain weight per spike were significantly affected by wide furrow sowing, the average increase in yields were 10.3% to 24.3% when compared with that of traditional flat drill seeding and the increase in yields were significant under the opitimized fertilization(N 150 kg/ha P2O5 180 kg/ha). Compared with flat drill seeding, nitrogen partial productivity, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly increased by 6.81 kg/kg, 4.30 kg/kg and 9.6 percentage, respectively, the water utilization efficiency was increased by 9.5% to 19.6%. Taken yield, nitrogen and water utilization efficiencies into consideration, under the trial condition, wide furrow sowing was the suitable cultivation method for winter wheat production with hight yield and high efficiencies in Longdong rainfed plateau with added benefit under the optimized fertilization (N 150 kg/ha P2O5 180 kg/ha).

S512.1

国家重点研发计划(2018YFD020040311)；甘肃农业科技创新专项(2021GAAS27)。