为探明在不同灌水量下青稞氮磷钾适宜施用量和最佳配比，研究不同灌水量下氮磷钾配施对青稞产量、品质的影响， 2018 — 2019年以春性二棱青稞品种陇青1号为指示品种，在甘肃河西灌区大田栽培条件下采用裂区试验设计，设置灌水为主区、施肥为副区并采用“3414”设计进行田间试验。对青稞产量及其构成因素及品质进行方差分析的结果表明，在各灌水处理下，青稞产量构成因素各项测定指标至少与1个其他指标极显著或显著相关性；在相同氮磷钾配比下青稞平均产量全生育期灌水2次和全生育期灌水1次较全生育期不灌水分别显著增产59.5%、52.8%，灌水2次较全灌水1次增产4.4%；各灌水处理下，13个施肥处理较不施肥处理显著增产，增产率分别为不灌水0.1%～26.2%、灌水1次0.9%～28.3%、灌水2次7.8%～22.7%，且施肥处理N2P2K3、N2P2K0和N3P2K2产量始终较高；各灌水处理下，氮、磷、钾施用量和产量的三元二次回归方程均能反应青稞产量与氮磷钾三要素之间的极显著相关关系。一元二次肥料效应方程下，青稞最高产量施肥量分别为N 189.11 kg/hm2(全生育期不灌水)、186.75 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水1次)和196.50 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水2次)；P2O5 61.69 kg/hm2(全生育期不灌水)、48.77 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水1次)和-27.38 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水2次)；K2O 61.11 kg/hm2(全生育期不灌水)、60.60 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水1次)和77.44 kg/hm2(全生育期灌水2次)。整体而言，青稞籽粒蛋白质含量随着灌水量增加而降低，籽粒淀粉含量随着灌水量增加而升高。推荐该区春青稞生育期浇水1次，即于拔节期按1 500 m3/hm2灌入。在此水分条件下推荐的N、P2O5、K2O施用量分别为186.75、48.77、60.60 kg/hm2，此时青稞籽粒产量可达到4 355.24 kg/hm2。

To explore the optimal rate and ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium combined application and to study the effects of combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield and quality of highland barley under different irrigation capacity, in this study, the spring two-edge highland barley(Longqing 1) was cultivated for field experiments during 2018 to 2019 in the Hexi Irrigation District, Gansu Province, and a split-plot test design was adopted with irrigation treatment as the main plot and fertilization treatment as the split-plot. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the barley yield, its constituents and quality. Results indicated that under each irrigation treatment, at least one of highland barley yield constituent factors was significantly correlated with other variables. Under the same combination ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the average yields of 2 times irrigation(W2) and 1 times irrigation(W1) were significantly increased by 59.5% and 52.8%, respectively compared with W0, and yield of W2 was increased by 4.4% compared with that of W1. All 13 fertilization treatments under each irrigation treatment showed significant increasein yields compared with the control (no fertilization), yield increase rates for W0, W1 and W2 were 0.1% to 26.2%, 0.9% to 28.3% and 7.8% to 22.7%, respectively, and yields with the fertilization treatment of N2P2K3, N2P2K0 and N3P2K2 were always higher. Under each irrigation treatment, the ternary quadratic regression equations of fertilization(nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) amount and highland barley yield were statistically significant. According to the quadratic equation with one unknown variable between highland barley yield and fertilization amount, the corresponding fertilization amount for the optimal highland barley yield were shown as N: 189.11 kg/ha (W0), 186.75 kg/ha (W1) and 196.5 kg/ha (W2), P2O5: 61.69 kg/ha (W0), 48.77 kg/ha (W1) and -27.38 kg/ha (W2), K2O: 61.11 kg/ha (W0), 60.60 kg/ha (W1) and 77.44 kg/ha (W2). Overall, the protein content of highland barley grains decreased with the increase of irrigation capacity, while the starch content of grain increased with the increase of irrigation capacity. For the spring highland barley production of the studied area, it is recommended to irrigate 1 time at the elongating stage at the capacity of 1 500 m3/ha, under this particular irrigation capacity, it is ideal to fertilize N, P2O5 and K2O at rates of 186.75, 483.77 and 60.60 kg/ha, respectively which could reach a grain yield of 4 355.24 kg/ha.

S512.3

国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1600105)；甘肃省林业和草原科技创新项目(LCKJCX202206)；甘肃省农业科学院博士基金项目(2022GAAS62)。