小孢子培养是创造单倍体和双单倍体的重要途径，对提高红花的育种效率具有重要意义。为了研究红花游离小孢子的高效培养体系，用20份红花材料研究花药及小孢子培养中影响愈伤组织生长和胚发生的关键因素。结果表明，小孢子发育时期、红花品种、基本培养基和激素浓度是影响红花诱导愈伤组织的关键因素。花药培养的愈伤及胚诱导率高于游离小孢子，且受基因型影响。单核靠边期管状花长度为 0.45～0.50 cm时，诱导成功率达到68.32%。供试的20份红花材料中，有11份诱导出了愈伤组织，有1份分化出了胚状愈伤，诱导成功率为15.79%。分化培养最适培养基组合为1/2 MS+B5+ 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L；小孢子悬浮培养最适培养基激素浓度以添加6-BA 4.0 mg/L 和NAA 0.5 mg/L效果最好,诱导愈伤率为22.5%。

Microspore culture is an important way to create haploids and diploids, which is of great significance for improving the breeding efficiency of safflower. In order to study the efficient culture system of isolated microspores in safflower, factors affecting callus growth and embryogenesis in anther and microspore culture were studied through 20 genotypes. Results showed that the stage of microspore development, safflower varieties, culture medium, hormones concentrations were the key factors affecting microspore embryoid induction in safflower. The callus and embryo induction rates of anther culture were higher than those of isolated microspores, and were affected by genotypes. When the fruit diameter of late uninucleate microspore was 1.00 to 1.96 cm and the length of tube flower was 0.45 to 0.50 cm, the induction success rate reached 68.32%. Callus tissues were successfully induced in 11 out of 20 genotypes, embryoid callus was developed in one safflower genotype and the induction success rate was 15.79%. The optimal differentiation medium combination was 1/2 MS plus B5 plus 1.0 mg/L 6-BA plus 1.0 mg/L NAA. The optimal medium for microspore suspension culture was 4 mg/L 6-BA plus 0.5 mg/L NAA which had the callus induction rate of 22.5%.

S567.21

财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21)；河南省重大科技专项(221100310400)；中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)资助；河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金(2023ZC083)；河南省农业科学院新兴学科发展专项(2022XK03、2023XK03)；河南省科技攻关项目(222102110379、222102110466、232102110198、232102110243、232102110262)。