花椒精油是从花椒果壳、叶等部位所提取的植物精油，其独特的香气和麻味以及多种生物活性物质除了传统的调味用途外，还具有灭菌、杀虫、保鲜、药理等多种作用。为了给畜牧健康养殖、安全保鲜及花椒精油的进一步开发利用提供更多思路和支撑。通过查阅相关文献，归纳总结了花椒精油的主要成分、提取方式、微胶囊制备工艺以及生物活性抗菌、保鲜、药理等研究现状。花椒精油优秀的广谱抗菌效应和保鲜作用结合花椒精油微胶囊制备工艺可以更好地保留其生物活性，不仅可广泛地应用于食品调味、果蔬保鲜等方面，在我国畜牧业向全面无抗养殖发展的背景下，作为优良的植物来源保鲜剂和替代抗生素添加剂，在畜牧业杀虫灭菌、健康养殖、肉产品货架期保鲜等环节也有着广阔的应用前景。

Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil is a plant essential oil extracted from the shell, leaves, and other parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Its unique aroma, numbing taste, and various bioactive compounds not only play an important role in traditional seasoning, but also have various functions such as sterilization, pest control, preservation, and pharmacology. In order to provide references for green animal husbandry, product fresh-keeping, deep processing technology and comprehensive utilization of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil, this paper summarizes the research status of the chemical components, extraction method, microcapsule preparation process, effects of antibacterial, fresh-keeping and pharmacology of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil.The excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial and fresh-keeping effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil, combined with the microcapsule preparation process, could better preserve its biological activity, which could not only be widely used in cooking seasoning, fruit and vegetable preservation, but also be used as an excellent plant source preservative and alternative antibiotic additive in the context of China's animal husbandry development towards comprehensive antibiotic- free era. It also has broad application prospects in pest killing, sterilization, green rearing of animals and the extension of shelf life and preservation of meat products in animal husbandry industry as well.

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国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系岗位科学家任务(cars-39-18)；嘉峪关市重点研发计划项目(21-22)。