为研究陇东特殊干旱气候条件下抗旱育种的进展与现状，选取近20 a陇东旱地选育的14个冬小麦新品种(系)为材料，以籽粒产量抗旱指数等为全生育期抗旱性鉴定指标，在旱棚进行全生育期干旱胁迫试验。结果表明，陇育4号和宁麦5号抗旱指数在1.100~1.299范围内，抗旱级别为2级；陇育7号和陇鉴387抗旱指数在0.700~0.899范围内，抗旱级别为4级；其余10个材料抗旱指数在0.900~1.099范围内，抗旱级别为3级。抗旱性级别在2~3级的材料占85.7%。产量性状主因子分析发现，抗旱级别为2级的陇育4号和宁麦5号，在干旱胁迫下有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重无明显变化；抗旱级别为4级的陇育7号和陇鉴387，在干旱胁迫下有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均减幅较大；抗旱级别为3级的其余10个材料在干旱条件下，其产量性状三要素有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重中只有一项发生变化，没有两项叠加变化。

To study the progress and current situation of drought-resistant breeding under the special arid climate conditions in Longdong, 14 new winter wheat varieties(lines) selected and bred in Longdong dry land in the past 20 years were chosen as materials. Drought resistance throughout the entire growth period was identified using grain yield, drought resistance index and other indicators, with full growth period drought stress tests conducted in dry sheds. Results showed that the drought resistance index of Longyu 4 and Ningmai 5 ranged between 1.100 to 1.299 with a drought resistance level of 2. Longyu 7 and Longjian 387 had drought resistance indices ranged between 0.700 and 0.899 with a drought resistance level of 4, the remaining 10 varieties had a drought resistance index ranging from 0.900 to 1.099, with a drought resistance level of 3. Varieties with a drought resistance level 2 to 3 accounted for 85.7% of the tested varieties. Principal component analysis of yield traits indicated that Longyu 4 and Ningmai 5, with a drought resistance level of 2, showed no significant changes in effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, and thousand-grain weight under drought stress. Longyu 7 and Longjian 387, with a drought resistance level of 4, showed significant reductions in effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, and thousand-grain weight under drought stress. For the remaining 10 varieties (lines) with a drought resistance level of 3, only one of the three main yield traits, i.e., effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, and thousand-grain weight, changed under drought conditions, with no overlapping changes in two traits.

S512.1

甘肃省旱地冬小麦种质创新与应用工程研究中心资助项目(甘发改高技〔2017〕1162号)；陇东旱地作物种质改良及产业化协同创新中心资助项目(甘教技〔2019〕23号)；甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR7RM191)；甘肃省重点研发项目(22YFM126)。