为探索化学调控剂在冬小麦生育进程中的作用，利用吨田宝或磷酸二氢钾分别在冬前3～4叶期、起身期和灌浆初期处理小麦，观察其对生育期、生育动态、主要性状和产量等效应。结果表明，在冬前3～4叶期喷施化学调控剂可以促进冬小麦生长发育、构建冬前壮苗；冬前3～4叶期和起身期同时喷施更利于增加有效分蘖、降低株高防止倒伏。起身期和灌浆初期同时喷施化学调控剂可有效增加穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重，从而显著提高产量，且喷施吨田宝效果总体好于喷施磷酸二氢钾。冬前3～4叶期、起身期和灌浆初期同时喷施吨田宝750 mL/hm2兑水225 kg处理冬小麦折合产量最高，为5 573.33 kg/hm2，较喷清水对照增产10.00%。综上，冬前3～4叶期、起身期和灌浆初期喷施吨田宝750 mL/hm2更利于冬小麦优质高产，适宜在生产中推广。

To explore the role of chemical regulators in the winter wheat growth process, winter wheat was treated with Duntianbao or potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 3 to 4 leaf stage, rising stage and early grain filling stage in Qingshui county, and its effects on growth period, growth dynamics, main traits and yield were detected. The results showed that spraying chemical control agent at 3 to 4 leaf stage before winter could promote the growth and development of winter wheat and build strong seedling before winter. It is more beneficial to increase effective tillering, reduce plant height and prevent lodging by spraying at the same time at 3 to 4 leaf stage and rising stage before winter. The simultaneous application of chemical control agent at the rising stage and the early filling stage could effectively increase spike length, spikelet number, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight, thus significantly increasing the yield, and the effect of spraying Duntianbo was better than that of spraying KH2PO4. The highest yield of winter wheat was 5 573.33 kg/ha when spraying 750 mL/ha of Duntianbao diluted with 225 kg water at 3 to 4 leaf stage before winter, rising stage and early filling stage, which was 10.00 % higher than that of spraying water. In summary, spraying Duntianbao at 3 to 4 leaf stage, rising stage and early filling stage before winter is more conducive to high quality and high yield of winter wheat, which is suitable for promotion in production.

S512.1

甘肃省农业农村厅农业科技项目(GNKJ-2020-21)。