为筛选出高产优质的春小麦新种质资源，丰富黄土高原旱作雨养区春小麦种质资源的遗传多样性，以149份春小麦种质资源为研究对象，通过农艺性状和品质性状研究其遗传多样性，分析性状间相关性，并运用聚类分析法筛选出高产优质的春小麦种质资源。结果表明，149份春小麦种质资源的10个品质性状(籽粒灰分含量、水分含量、蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、降落数值、硬度、容重、湿面筋含量、弱化度、沉降值)的多样性指数介于1.77～2.03，平均值为1.924；5个农艺性状(小穗数、穗长、株高、单株穗数、单株产量)的多样性指数介于1.84～2.04，平均值为1.958。供试春小麦种质各性状具有丰富的多样性，且变异类型丰富，其中单株穗数与单株产量呈极显著正相关；单株产量与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关，与淀粉含量、湿面筋含量、降落数值呈负相关。通过聚类分析，筛选出了定西53号、10102-1、Mace、EmuRock 等4个性状优良且变异类型丰富的春小麦种质资源。

To select high-yield and high-quality new germplasm resources of spring wheat and enrich the genetic diversity of spring wheat germplasm resources on the Loess Plateau dry farming and rain-fed areas,149 spring wheat germplasm resources were studied. Their genetic diversity was examined through agronomic and quality traits, correlations among traits were analyzed, and clustering analysis was used to select high-yield and high-quality spring wheat germplasm resources. Results showed that the diversity index of 10 quality traits (grain ash content, moisture content, protein content, starch content, falling number, hardness, bulk density, wet gluten content, weakening degree, sedimentation value) of the 149 spring wheat germplasm resources ranged from 1.77 to 2.03, with an average of 1.924, and the diversity index of 5 agronomic traits (number of spikelets, spike length, plant height, number of spikes per plant, yield per plant) ranged from 1.84 to 2.04, with an average of 1.958.The tested spring wheat germplasm resources exhibited rich diversity in traits and variation types. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the number of spikes per plant and yield per plant, a highly significant negative correlation between yield per plant and protein content, and negative correlations with starch content, wet gluten content, and falling number. Through clustering analysis, 4 spring wheat germplasm resources with excellent traits and rich variation types were selected: Dingxi 53, 10102-1, Mace, and EmuRock.

S512.1

定西市科技计划项目(DX2023AZ12、DX2023AR03)。