条锈病是威胁小麦生产安全的重要病害，不断培育和种植抗病品种是最绿色、经济的防治措施。为了发掘新抗源，2013 — 2023年对376份国内外小麦种质进行了连续10 a的抗条锈病鉴定。结果显示，表现抗病的材料有88份，占供试材料的23.404%。筛选出免疫及高抗材料26份、中抗材料62份、慢锈材料192份。在含已知抗锈基因的材料中，携带有Yr3、Yr5、Yr15、YrZH22的材料表现为免疫和近免疫，携带有Yr1、Yr2、Yr3a、Yr4a、Yr3b、Yr4b、YrDa1、YrDa2、Yr16、Yr13、Yr25、Yrsp、YrH46等多个或单个抗病基因的材料表现为中抗。表现免疫或高抗的材料可在条锈病抗病育种中进一步利用，表现为慢锈型和抗性基因未知的材料需进一步根据农艺性状、抗源背景加以研究和利用。

Stripe rust is an important disease that threatens the safety of wheat production. Breeding and planting resistant varieties are the environmental-friendly and economic ways to control the disease. In order to find the new resistance resources for wheat breeding against stripe rust, a total of 376 international wheat germplasms were identified for stripe rustresistance from 2013 to 2023. The results showed that 88 wheat varieties were resistant to stripe rust, accounting for 23.40% of the wheat varieties. 26 varieties were high to immune resistant to the disease, 62 varieties were moderate resistant, and 192 varieties were slow rusting to the disease. The varieties carrying resistance genes Yr3、Yr5、Yr15 and YrZH22 were near-immune to immune for stripe rust, while the varieties carrying multiple or single resistance genes(eg., Yr1, Yr2, Yr3a, Yr4a, Yr3b, Yr4b, YrDa1, YrDa2, Yr16, Yr13, Yr25, Yrsp, YrH46) were moderate resistant to stripe rust. The immune or high resistance varieties can be used as parents in future wheat breeding, while those varieties containing unknown resistance genes, as well as varieties with slow rusting, need to be further explored in wheat breeding based on their agronomics traits and resistance background.

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国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1100501)；国家产业技术体系(CARS-03)。