氮、磷肥对春小麦的产量形成具有重要作用，为提高春小麦氮磷的吸收和利用，通过田间试验，研究了休闲期种植翻压绿肥冬油菜对小麦产量及籽粒、秸秆氮磷吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明，休闲期种植翻压绿肥冬油菜后春小麦生物量和籽粒产量提高了23.03%和17.68%；籽粒、秸秆中氮含量分别降低了5.44%、27.39%，秸秆氮吸收量降低了8.69%，籽粒氮吸收量提高了11.29%；籽粒中磷含量提高了11.35%，秸秆中磷含量降低了10.00%，籽粒、秸秆中磷吸收量分别提高了30.84%、12.50%。氮肥偏生产力和氮素利用效率分别提高了17.65%、12.18%，磷肥偏生产力提高了17.65%，磷素利用效率降低了5.34%。综上，休闲期麦后复种绿肥冬油菜可提高小麦籽粒的磷含量、氮磷吸收量、氮磷肥偏生产力以及氮素利用效率，进而有效提高小麦产量。

Nitrogen and phosphorus play an important role in the formation of spring wheat yield. In order to improve the uptake and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in spring wheat, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of planting and pressing winter rape in leisure period on wheat yield and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and utilization efficiency of wheat grain and straw. The results showed that the biomass and grain yield of spring wheat increased by 23.03% and 17.68%, respectively. Nitrogen content in grain and straw decreased by 5.44% and 27.39%, respectively. Nitrogen uptake in straw decreased by 8.69%, and nitrogen uptake in grain increased by 11.29%. Phosphorus content in grain increased by 11.35%, phosphorus content in straw decreased by 10.00%, and phosphorus uptake in grain and straw increased by 30.84% and 12.50%, respectively. Nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen use efficiency increased by 17.65% and 12.18%, respectively, phosphorus partial productivity increased by 17.65%, and phosphorus use efficiency decreased by 5.34%. In conclusion, multiple planting of winter rape as green fertilizer during fallow period can improve the phosphorus content, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat grains, and then effectively increase wheat yield.

S344.3；S512.1

甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2023GAAS24)；甘肃省农业科学院生物育种专项(2022GAAS006)。