为了生产高品质的枯草芽孢杆菌生物有机肥料，以腐熟羊粪为主要原料，通过糠醛渣的添加量调节肥料的酸碱度(pH分别为6.00、6.50、7.00、7.50、8.00、8.88)来测定活菌数确定最佳配比，并通过不同的水分含量来确定枯草芽孢杆菌生物肥料最佳含水量。结果表明，用糠醛渣的添加量来调节生物有机肥料的酸碱度，不同酸碱度对生物肥料中枯草芽孢杆菌活菌数影响不显著，各处理保存到180 d后，活菌数维持在10×109 cfu/g左右。酸碱度对生物肥料中丝状真菌杂菌数的影响十分显著(P < 0.01)，杂菌数先随着pH的升高而升高，当pH为7.00时，杂菌数最多，达6.17×106 cfu/g；当pH大于7.00或者小于7.00时，杂菌数减少。不同酸碱度的生物肥料对种子发芽指数有显著影响，随着pH升高种子发芽指数降低，说明生物肥料中pH过高会抑制根系的生长。随着水分含量的增加，枯草芽孢杆菌的数量逐渐减少，而肥料中丝状真菌杂菌数随着水分含量的增加而增加，水分含量达到40%、保存180 d时杂菌数最多，达3.97×107 cfu/g；水分含量小于10%时，杂菌基本不生长。综合分析，枯草芽孢杆菌生产生物肥料的最佳pH为6.00～7.00，水分含量以小于20%为宜。

In order to produce high-quality Bacillus subtilis bio-organic fertilizer, decomposed sheep manure was used as the main raw material, the pH value of the fertilizer was adjusted to 6.00, 6.50, 7.00, 7.50, 8.00 and 8.88 by adding furfural residue, and the optimal proportion was determined by measuring the number of live bacteria, and the optimal water content of the Bacillus subtilis bio-fertilizer was determined by different water contents. The results showed that adjusting the acidity and alkalinity of bio-organic fertilizers with rice bran aldehyde residue did not significantly affect the viable count of Bacillus subtilis in the biofertilizer. Regardless of the acidity and alkalinity, the viable count remained around 10×109 cfu/g after 180 days. The acidity significantly affected the count of filamentous fungi and miscellaneous bacteria in the biofertilizer(P < 0.01). The undesirable count increased with pH until it reacheed 7.00, with a maximum of 6.17×106 cfu/g. When the pH was greater or lesst than 7.00, the undesirable count decreased. Different acidity levels of biofertilizers had a significant impact on seed germination index, showing a decreasing trend as pH increased, indicating that excessively high pH in biofertilizers could inhibit root growth. As moisture content increased, the number of Bacillus subtilis gradually decreased, while the count of filamentous fungi and miscellaneous bacteria in the fertilizer increased. When the moisture content reached 40%, the count could reach up to 3.67×107 cfu/g. When the moisture content was below 10%, the count was minimal, suggesting that low moisture levels inhibit miscellaneous bacteria growth. In conclusion, the optimal pH for producing biofertilizers with Bacillus subtilis is between 6.00 and 7.00, with a moisture content below 20%.

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中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(23ZYQA0323)；甘肃省农业科学院科技成果转化项目(2023GAAS-CGZH01)；甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2022GAAS16)。