单倍体育种能有效缩短育种年限，不但从本质上提高作物新品种选育进程，而且在杂合二倍体中不表达的一些隐性基因可以在双单倍体(DH)中表达，有利于发现作物的优良性状，提高育种效率。此外，单倍体对分子遗传学、细胞生物学、作物进化等基础研究也具有非常重要的作用。亚麻作为重要的油料及经济作物，需求量日益增多，单倍体育种能有效加快亚麻育种进程，促进亚麻产业发展。本文总结了作物单倍体获得方法、单倍体诱导基因研究、亚麻单倍体育种等方面的进展，以期为作物DH育种提供一定参考。

Haploid breeding could effectively shorten the breeding cycle and essentially improve the breeding process of new varieties. Moreover, some recessive genes that are not expressed in heterozygous diploids could be expressed in double haploid (DH) lines, which is helpful to discover the beneficial traits of crops and improve breeding efficiency. Additionally, haploids play a crucial role in basic research fields such as molecular genetics, cell biology, and crop evolution. As an important oil and cash crop, the demand of flax is increasing day by day. Haploid breeding can effectively accelerate the process of flax breeding and promote the development of flax industry. This paper summarizes the progress of haploid acquisition method for crops, haploid induction gene and flax haploid breeding, which could provide certain reference for crop double haploid breeding.

S33；S563.2

国家自然科学基金(32360502)；国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-05)；兰州市科技计划项目(2023-3-37)；安宁区科技计划项目(2023-JB-8)；甘肃省重点研发计划(24YFWA002)。