通过探索不同产区黑木耳(Auricularia auricula)中常规营养物质、微量元素、氨基酸之间差异，为黑木耳营养品质分析提供一定的技术参考。以黑木耳品种黑威15号为研究对象，采用单因素方差分析、相关性分析和NMDS分析的方法，对延吉市、牡丹江市、柞水县、卓尼县4个产区黑木耳中的营养物质进行分析。结果表明，延吉市黑木耳中粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗多糖钾、铜、钙含量最高，均显著高于其他3个产区；牡丹江市黑木耳中镁、锰、铁含量均显著高于其他3个产区；柞水县黑木耳中锌、维生素B2含量显著高于其他3个产区；卓尼县黑木耳中的灰分、粗蛋白、总氨基酸含量均显著高于其他3个产区。黑木耳中均测定出18种氨基酸，包括8种人体必需氨基酸及10种非必需氨基酸，其中谷氨酸含量最高，天冬氨酸含量次之、甲硫氨酸含量最少。经氨基酸含量对比分析，呈味氨基酸均表现为鲜味氨基酸含量最高、甜味氨基酸次之、苦味氨基酸含量最少，且苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸表现过剩，甲硫氨酸+半胱氨酸为限制氨基酸。4个产区的黑木耳均表现为鲜甜味，均可作为药食兼用的食用菌。通过Pearson相关性和NMDS分析发现，4个产区的黑木耳中常规营养物质与微量元素和氨基酸均存在不同程度的相关性，其中延吉市黑木耳中的营养最丰富，卓尼县黑木耳次之，柞水县黑木耳最差。

In order to explore the differences of conventional nutrients, trace elements and amino acids in Auricularia auricula from different producing areas so as to provide technical reference for the nutritional quality analysis of A. auricula, the nutrients in A. auricula variety Heiwei 15 from four different producing areas, Yanji City, Mudanjiang City, Zhashui County, and Zhuoni County, were analyzed by single factor analysis of variance, correlation analysis and NMDS analysis. Results showed that contents of ether extract, crude fiber, crude polysaccharide, potassium, copper and calcium in Yanji A. auricula were the highest, and their contents were significantly higher than those in the other three producing areas. Contents of magnesium, manganese and iron in Mudanjiang A. auricula were significantly higher than those in the other three producing areas. Contents of zinc and vitamin B2 in Zhashui A. auricula were significantly higher than those in the other three producing areas. Contents of ash, crude protein and total amino acid in Zhuoni A. auricula were significantly higher than those in the other three producing areas. 18 amino acids were measured in A. auricula, including 8 essential and 10 non-essential amino acids. Glutamic acid had the highest content, followed by aspartic acid, while methionine had the least. The analysis of amino acid contents revealed that savory amino acids had the highest content, followed by sweet-tasting amino acids, with bitter-tasting amino acids being the least abundant. Threonine, phenylalanine+tyrosine showed excess, and methionine+ cysteine were the limiting amino acids. A. auricula from all four producing areas exhibited a fresh-sweet flavor and could be considered both food and medicinal mushrooms. Pearson correlation and NMDS analysis revealed varying degrees of correlation between conventional nutrients, trace elements, and amino acids among the four areas, A. auricula from Yanji City was the most nutritious, followed by that from Zhuoni County, while the A. auricula from Zhashui County had the lowest nutritional quality.

S646.6

国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1602109)；国家食用菌产业技术体系(GARS-20)。