黄土高原作为我国农耕文明发祥地和典型的旱作农业区，近年来多地玉米、小麦和马铃薯创造了高产典型，预示着产量提升空间较大。本文结合相关项目实施的工作积累与调研，提出了黄土高原五大后备粮仓及粮食产量变化特征，从单产提升、技术创新、总产增加等方面分析了黄土粮仓产量“倍增”潜力及科技支撑；明确了坚持抗旱节水优先、坚持生态环境保护优先、坚持蓄水保水工程建设、坚持绿色低碳发展、坚持发展农业新质生产力等粮仓建设思路；建议编制国家黄土粮仓建设规划、打造“百万亩”抗旱节水增粮高产带、加快高标准基本农田及引水工程建设等，以支撑黄土高原后备粮仓建设。

The Loess Plateau, as the cradle of China's agricultural civilization and a typical dryland farming area, has witnessed high-yield records for corn, wheat, and potatoes in multiple regions in recent years, indicating significant potential for increased yields. Based on the accumulated experience from relevant project implementation and field research, this paper proposes the concept of five major grain reserve bases on the Loess Plateau and analyzes the characteristics of grain production changes. It examines the 'doubling potential' of grain output in these reserves from perspectives including yield improvement, technological innovation, and total production growth, along with the required scientific and technological support. This study clarifies the following development principles for constructing these grain reserves: prioritizing drought resistance and water-saving, prioritizing ecological environmental protection, accelerating soil water storage and conservation projects, pursuing green and low-carbon development, and fostering new quality productive forces in agriculture. Recommendations include formulating a national construction plan for the Loess Plateau grain reserves, creating a 'one-million-mu'(≈66 700 hectares) high-yield belt for drought-resistant and water-efficient grain production, and expediting the development of high-standard farmland and water diversion projects to underpin the establishment of grain reserve bases on the Loess Plateau.

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国家重点研发计划(2024YFD2300203)。