通过制种玉米膜下滴灌氮肥运筹试验，为沿黄灌区制种玉米的高产、氮肥高效利用提供科学依据。在施氮量为225 kg/hm2条件下，以农户常规施肥(基肥 ∶ 拔节期 ∶ 大喇叭口期 ∶ 抽雄吐丝期 ∶ 灌浆期为30% ∶ 0 ∶ 30% ∶ 30% ∶ 10%)为对照，设置了基肥 ∶ 拔节期 ∶ 大喇叭口期 ∶ 抽雄吐丝期 ∶ 灌浆期分别为15% ∶ 15% ∶ 30% ∶ 20% ∶ 20%、0 ∶ 30% ∶ 30% ∶ 20% ∶ 20%、0 ∶ 0 ∶ 50% ∶ 30% ∶ 20%等3个处理，对制种玉米播前、大喇叭口期、抽雄吐丝期和收获期土壤0~100 cm土层土壤硝态氮和种子产量、主要农艺性状进行了测定。结果表明，与农户常规施肥相比，基肥∶拔节期 ∶ 大喇叭口期 ∶ 抽雄吐丝期 ∶ 灌浆期比例为0 ∶ 30% ∶ 30% ∶ 20% ∶ 20%处理制种玉米种子产量显著提高57.92%、氮肥偏生产力显著提高58.15%。穗粒重与产量呈显著正相关，而茎粗、穗长等性状无显著差异；较农户常规施肥处理抽雄期0~20 cm土层硝态氮含量提高了74.77%，而60~100 cm土层显著降低了66.65%~81.81%，显著降低氮素淋溶风险。因此，在沿黄灌区，将氮肥后移至拔节期，即基肥∶拔节期∶大喇叭口期∶抽雄吐丝期 ∶ 灌浆期为0 ∶ 30% ∶ 30% ∶ 20% ∶ 20%可显著提高制种玉米产量和氮肥利用率，同时降低深层土壤硝态氮残留，本结果可为该地区制种玉米可持续绿色生产提供理论依据。

To provide scientific evidence for high yield and efficient nitrogen use in seed maize production under drip irrigation in the irrigation region along the Yellow River, a nitrogen management experiment was conducted under a total N application rate of 225 kg/ha. Farmer's conventional fertilization(30% ∶ 0 ∶ 30% ∶ 30% ∶ 10% at basal, jointing, large bell, tasselingsilking, and filling stages) .was used as control. 3 treatments were designed with nitrogen allocation ratios of 15% ∶ 15% ∶ 30% ∶ 20% ∶ 20%, 0 ∶ 30% ∶ 30% ∶ 20% ∶ 20%, and 0 ∶ 0 ∶ 50% ∶ 30% ∶ 20% (basal fertilizer ∶ jointing stage ∶ big trumpet stage : tasseling and silking stage ∶ filling stage), respectively. Nitrate nitrogen concentration in 0 to 100 cm soil layer and seed yield, along with major agronomic traits, were measured at pre-sowing, big trumpet, tasseling-silking, and harvest stages. Results showed that, compared to the conventional fertilization practice, the 0 ∶ 30% ∶ 30% ∶ 20% ∶ 20% treatment significantly increased the seed yield by 57.92% and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 58.15%. Kernel weight per ear was significantly and positively correlated with yield, while stem diameter and ear length showed no significant differences. At tasseling stage, nitrate nitrogen content in the 0 to 20 cm soil layer increased by 74.77%, whereas that in the 60 to 100 cm layer decreased significantly by 66.65% to 81.81%, indicating reduced nitrogen leaching risk. Therefore, in the irrigation region along the Yellow River, postponing nitrogen application to the jointing stage with an allocation of 0 : 30% : 30% : 20% : 20% can significantly enhance seed maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency while reducing nitrate nitrogen residue in deep soil layers. These results provide theoretical support for sustainable and green seed maize production in this region.

S513；S147.2

甘肃农业科技支撑项目(KJZC-2024-19)；国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200404)。