为了筛选出适宜旱作区玉米生产的地膜种类，研究了全生物降解地膜、渗水型全生物降解地膜和普通PE地膜对饲用玉米生长和产量、土壤水热状况的影响及地膜残留状况。结果表明，与普通PE地膜相比，全生物降解地膜、渗水型全生物降解地膜分别在覆膜后25 、35 d开始裂缝进入诱导期(裂缝 < 1 cm)，在78、82 d进入破裂期(裂缝 ＞ 3 cm)，在148 、156 d进入崩解期(裂缝 ＞ 5 cm)。与对照普通PE地膜相比较，全生物降解地膜、渗水型全生物降解地膜覆盖处理的玉米出苗期、拔节期有所延迟，而大喇叭口期、抽雄期、蜡熟初期有所提前；耕作层土壤含水率在大喇叭口期下降11.66%、5.61%，乳熟期下降19.52%、7.14%；土壤温度在玉米生育前期(苗期至拔节期)下降不明显，后期(大喇叭口期至乳熟期)下降幅度稍大；玉米鲜秸秆产量分别显著下降12.39%、13.34%(P < 0.05)；地膜投入分别提高100%、125%，毛利润分别下降10.60%、12.51%，地膜残留量分别下降58.33%、33.33%。综合考虑认为，全生物降解地膜、渗水型全生物降解地膜在干旱的雨养农业区对饲用玉米生物产量有一定影响，加之全生物降解地膜、渗水型全生物降解地膜价格偏高，使得种植饲用玉米毛利润减少，但由于全生物降解地膜的地膜残留量较普通PE地膜显著下降，有利于饲用玉米产业乃至的可持续高质量发展。

In order to identify suitable types of mulching film for maize production in dry farming areas, the effects of fully biodegradable film, water-permeable fully biodegradable film, and conventional PE film on forage maize growth, yield, soil hydrothermal condition, and film residue were investigated. The results showed that, compared with conventional PE film, the fully biodegradable and water-permeable biodegradable films entered the induction phase (crack < 1 cm) at 25 and 35 days after mulching, respectively, the rupture phase(crack > 3 cm) at 78 and 82 days, and the disintegration phase (crack > 5 cm) at 148 and 156 days. Compared with PE film, maize emergence and jointing stages were delayed under biodegradable films, while the trumpet stage, tasseling stage, and early dough stage occurred earlier. Soil moisture in the tillage layer decreased by 11.66% and 5.61% at the trumpet stage, and by 19.52% and 7.14% at the milking stage, respectively. Soil temperature declined slightly during the early growth stage (seedling to jointing), but declined more noticeably during the later stage (from trumpet onward). The yield of fresh maize stalk decreased significantly by 12.39% and 13.34% (P < 0.05), while mulch film input cost increased by 100% and 125%, and gross profit decreased by 10.60% and 12.51%, respectively. Meanwhile, film residue was reduced by 58.33% and 33.33%. Overall, although the use of biodegradable films led to a certain reduction in biomass yield and profit due to higher costs, the significantly lower film residue compared to PE film is conducive to the sustainable and high-quality development of the forage maize industry in arid rainfed agricultural regions.

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甘肃省科技厅重点研发项目(21YF5FA107)；2024年甘肃省农业农村厅科技支撑计划(KJZC-2024-14)。