通过探究腐殖酸对丹参生长及土壤理化性质的最佳施用量，为丹参的生态种植提供理论依据。以不施用腐殖酸为对照，设置了4个腐殖酸浓度(稀释50、100、200、400倍)，通过盆栽实验系统分析了不同处理下丹参生长指标、养分吸收和根际土壤理化指标的变化。结果表明，与对照不施用腐殖酸相比，腐殖酸稀释200倍处理的丹参地上、地下生物量较高，分别提高了48.43%和43.02%；丹参根际土壤的蔗糖酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性较高，分别提高了244.78%、13.58%、408.55%；丹参根际土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性最高，分别提高了44.37%和51.90%。腐殖酸稀释400倍处理丹参根际土壤脲酶活性最高，提高了547.32%。腐殖酸稀释200倍、400倍处理组根际土壤有机碳含量分别提高了364.98%、166.16%，硝态氮含量分别提高了57.61%、65.43%；铵态氮含量分别提高了89.13%、57.58%；根际土壤的全磷分别降低了14.62%、25.24%，速效磷含量分别降低了19.91%、15.20%。综上所述，200倍腐殖酸稀释液可通过“碳输入-酶激活-养分转化”级联效应促进丹参的生长和养分吸收，表现出最佳效果，实现了土壤肥力提升和植物养分高效利用协同增效，具有重要的实践指导价值。

To investigate the optimal application rate of humic acid (HA) on the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza), this study established 4 HA concentrations (diluted at 50-, 100-, 200-, and 400-fold ratios), with a control group without HA application. Through a pot experiment, systematic analyses were conducted on the growth parameters, nutrient uptake efficiency, and variations in physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil across different treatments. Results showed that the 200-diluted treatment significantly increased the above-ground and below-ground biomass of S. miltiorrhiza by 48.43% and 43.02%, respectively, compared to the control. This treatment also significantly enhanced the activities of sucrase, amylase, and cellulase in the rhizosphere soil by 244.78%, 13.58%, and 408.55%, respectively. Furthermore, it resulted in the highest activities of catalase and acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil, which increased by 44.37% and 51.90%, respectively. The 400-diluted treatment showed the highest urease activity in the rhizosphere soil, increasing it by 547.32% compared to the control. Treatments with humic acid diluted 200-fold and 400-fold significantly increased the soil organic carbon content by 364.98% and 166.16%; nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N) content increased by 57.61% and 65.43%; ammonium nitrogen(NH₃--N) content also increased by 89.13% and 57.58%, respectively, compared to the control. However, these treatments decreased total phosphorus content by 14.62% and 25.24%, respectively, and available phosphorus content by 19.91% and 15.20%, respectively. In conclusion, the 200-fold HA dilution solution demonstrated the optimal effect. It promotes the growth and nutrient uptake of S. miltiorrhiza through the cascade effects of 'carbon input-enzyme activation-nutrient transformation'. This approach achieves synergistic improvement in both soil fertility enhancement and efficient plant nutrient utilization, offering significant practical guidance.

S567.5；S15

陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JC-QN-0357)；陕西省技术创新引导专项(2023QYPY2-01)。