探究干旱胁迫条件下调环酸钙对旱作胡麻经济性状和产量的影响，筛选出适宜旱作胡麻的调环酸钙喷施浓度，为增强胡麻抗旱能力和稳定胡麻产量提供科学依据。以清水为对照，设置5个5%调环酸钙喷施浓度(50、100、150、200、250 mg/L)，研究了不同浓度调环酸钙对旱作胡麻生长和产量的影响。结果表明，不同浓度的调环酸钙对胡麻生长和经济性状指标明显影响。在模拟自然干旱胁迫环境下，喷施浓度为150 mg/L的5%调环酸钙处理增加了胡麻的株高、工艺长度、分茎数、单株有效果数及千粒重，较清水对照分别显著增加了16.03%、11.54%、471.43%、28.22%、7.93%，喷施浓度为150、250 mg/L的5%调环酸钙处理分别较清水对照显著增产7.08%、7.55%。喷施浓度为250 mg/L的5%调环酸钙处理胡麻产量略高于喷施浓度为150 mg/L的5%调环酸钙处理，综合考虑增产效果、成本投入和净收益，喷施浓度为150 mg/L 的5%调环酸钙处理在保证增产效果的同时降低了生产成本，具有更高的经济可行性和推广价值。胡麻全生育期土壤水分呈现自上而下，由前至后的渐进式干旱，现蕾至青果期持续中、重旱，40 cm土层相对含水量从现蕾期39.2%骤降至青果期7.7%，深层水分枯竭显著。因此，大田试验中，在胡麻初花期叶面喷施5%调环酸钙溶液150 mg/L，起到缓解干旱胁迫增加产量的作用，还为旱作胡麻节水增产技术简化施用量、降低生产成本提供了科学依据。

To investigate the effects of prohexadione calcium on the agronomic traits and yield of rainfed flax (Sesamum indicum) under drought stress and to identify the optimal foliar application concentration for improving drought tolerance and yield stability, 5 concentrations of 5% prohexadione calcium (Pro-Ca at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L, respectively) were tested with distilled water as the control. Results showed that different concentrations of Pro-Ca significantly affected flax growth and economic traits. Under simulated drought conditions, treatment with 150 mg/L 5% Pro-Ca significantly increased plant height, technical length, number of tillers, number of effective capsules per plant, and thousand-seed weight by 16.03%, 11.54%, 471.43%, 28.22%, and 7.93%, respectively, compared with the control. Treatments with 150 and 250 mg/L increased yield by 7.08% and 7.55%, respectively, over the control. Although the yield at 250 mg/L was slightly higher than that in the 150 mg/L treatment, considering yield improvement, input cost, and net benefit, 150 mg/L 5% Pro-Ca provided better economic feasibility and extension value by ensuring yield increase while reducing production cost. Soil moisture during the entire growth period of flax showed a gradual drought pattern from top to bottom and from early to late stages. From the budding to green capsule stage, moderate to severe drought persisted, with relative soil moisture in the 40 cm layer decreasing sharply from 39.2% to 7.7%, indicating deep-layer water depletion. Therefore, foliar spraying of 150 mg/L 5% prohexadione calcium solution at the initial flowering stage effectively alleviated drought stress and increased yield, providing a scientific basis for simplifying application rates, improving water-use efficiency, and reducing production costs in rainfed flax cultivation.

S656.9

国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-2-10)。