为研究甘肃雨养和灌溉农业区对不同基因型小麦品质的影响，分别在雨养和灌溉环境下布设试验，种植栽培鄂麦580(EM580)、定丰19(DF19)和高原814(GY814)3种不同基因型小麦，成熟后测定小麦灰分含量、容重、硬度、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、淀粉含量、降落数值和弱化度等9个指标。结果表明，在雨养环境下，灰分含量、容重、沉降值和弱化度在EM580、GY814和DF19 3个品种之间均未表现出显著差异，EM580的硬度较GY814、DF19分别高12.40%、5.87%；DF19的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量分别较EM580高14.94%、10.02%，较GY814高10.85%、7.44%，淀粉含量分别较EM580、GY814低5.36%、4.45%，降落数值较GY814高48.33%。在灌溉环境下，DF19的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量分别较EM580高8.49%、5.76%，较GY814高36.31%、38.72%；EM580的沉降值较DF19、GY814分别高37.96%、543.53%，降落数值分别提高17.16%、122.86%，硬度分别提高39.55%、56.67%，容重分别提高4.44%、6.75%；GY814的淀粉含量较EM580、DF19分别提高2.45%、4.68%，弱化度分别提高20.39%、8.05%，灰分含量较EM580、DF19分别降低4.08%、12.24%。同时，小麦灰分含量、容重、硬度、降落数值、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值在灌溉环境下的变异系数均高于雨养环境。通过品质综合评价，雨养环境下DF19综合得分第一，说明雨养环境下更能提高DF19该小麦的品质。

In order to analyze whether the rain-fed and irrigated agricultural areas in Gansu Province have an impact on the quality of different genotypes of wheat, experiments were carried out under rain-fed and irrigated environments. 3 different genotypes of wheat, Emai 580 (EM580), Dingfeng 19 (DF19) and Plateau 814 (GY814), were planted and cultivated. After maturity, the ash content, bulk density, hardness, protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, starch content, falling value and weakening degree of wheat were measured. Results showed that no significant differences were detected in ash content, bulk density, sedimentation value and weakening degree among the 3 varieties of EM580, GY814 and DF19 in the rain-fed environment. However, EM580 had 12.40% and 5.87% higher hardness than GY814 and DF19, respectively. DF19 exhibited higher protein and wet gluten contents than EM580 by 14.94% and 10.02%, and higher than GY814 by 10.85% and 7.44%, while its starch content was 5.36% and 4.45% lower, and its falling value was 48.33% higher than GY814. Under the irrigated environment, DF19 had 8.49% and 5.76% higher protein and wet gluten contents than EM580, and 36.31% and 38.72% higher than GY814. EM580 showed 37.96% and 543.53% higher sedimentation values than DF19 and GY814, and 17.16% and 122.86% higher falling numbers, with hardness increased by 39.55% and 56.67%, and bulk density by 4.44% and 6.75%, respectively. GY814 had 2.45% and 4.68% higher starch contents than EM580 and DF19, 20.39% and 8.05% higher weakening degrees, and 4.08% and 12.24% lower ash contents. In addition, coefficients of variation for ash content, bulk density, hardness, falling number, protein content, wet gluten content, and sedimentation value were all higher under irrigation than under rain-fed conditions. Based on comprehensive quality evaluation, DF19 achieved the highest overall score under rainfed conditions, indicating that rain-fed cultivation was more favorable for improving the quality of this wheat genotype.

S512.1

永登县庄浪河(柳树镇-红城镇)段土地整治和生态修复综合治理项目(GSAU-JSYF-2024-22)；国家自然科学基金(32160525)。