库尔勒香梨作为新疆特有的梨品种，其开花动态与温、湿度变化对确保有效授粉至关重要。探究香梨梢、中、基部位开花动态变化，以及温湿度与枝条开花动态相关性，为花期香梨高效授粉提供理论依据和数据参考。本研究通过调查库尔勒香梨长枝、中长枝、短枝3种枝型的开花动态，统计了花朵开放的数量，分析了花序及枝条不同部位(基部、中部、梢部)的花朵开放情况，并观测了温湿度变化与3种枝型开花动态的相关性。结果表明，长枝的开花数量及单花序的开放数量均高于中长枝和短枝；4月6 — 12日，3种枝型的开花数量均显著增加，花朵开放程度达到95%以上，为香梨的开花高峰期，此时香梨的开花动态与温度变化呈现极显著相关性，相关系数均超过0.85，与湿度相关系数约为0.50。因此，监测香梨花期这一关键时期的温度变化对提高授粉效率和产量具有重要的理论意义。

Korla fragrant pear is a unique pear cultivar native to Xinjiang, and its flowering dynamics and responses to temperature and humidity changes are crucial for ensuring effective pollination. This study aimed to investigate the flowering dynamics at the tip, middle, and basal parts of branches, as well as the correlations between temperature, humidity, and branch flowering behavior, to provide theoretical and data support for improving pollination efficiency during the flowering period. The flowering dynamics of three clades, i.e. long, medium-long, and short, were observed, and the number of open flowers was recorded. The flowering status of different parts of the inflorescence and branches(base, middle, and tip) was analyzed, together with the correlations between flowering and environmental factors. Results showed that long branches had higher numbers of open flowers per branch and per inflorescence compared with medium-long and short branches. From April 6 to 12, the number of open flowers increased significantly in all 3 types, with over 95% of flowers in full bloom, marking the peak flowering period. At this stage, flowering dynamics showed a highly significant correlation with temperature (correlation coefficient > 0.85) and a moderate correlation with humidity(correlation coefficient ≈ 0.50). Therefore, monitoring temperature changes during this critical flowering period is of great theoretical importance for improving pollination efficiency and yield in Korla fragrant pear.

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新疆生产建设兵团农业科技创新工程专项(NCG202312)；新疆农垦科学院青年项目(2024YJQN19)。